Where these numbers come from
Each figure below carries a sourcing record: the document it was checked against, that document's date, and how far it can be trusted.
Across 1 jurisdictions and the federal rules, 54 figures carry a sourcing record: 34 are traced to a published document, 20 are modelling assumptions we chose and disclose, and 0 are left unknown because nobody publishes them.
Marked “rule”
The figure follows a rule in the tables: land transfer tax brackets, CMHC premium bands, the GDS and TDS limits, the stress-test floor and buffer, and the minimum down payment. Exact given the table — and how well the table itself is sourced is what the inventory below says.
Marked “estimate”
The figure is a local or household estimate: benchmark prices, professional fees, the property tax rate, insurance, utilities, and every pre-filled default on this site.
What the confidence marks mean
- Confirmed
- Read off the publisher's own document, at the date shown.
- Probable
- Read off a source we trust, but not off the publisher's primary document.
- Weak
- Derived or inferred rather than read. It may be off, and the note says how.
- Assumption
- Nobody publishes this, so we chose a default and say so. It is our figure, not a fact.
- Not published
- Nobody publishes it and we will not invent one, so the figure is left empty and the page asks you for it instead.
For Houston
25 of 38 figures traced to a published source
The lending rules, the tax accounts and the planning returns every page uses, wherever you are buying.
- ConfirmedFannie Mae HomeReady / Freddie Mac Home Possible (dossier A9)as of 2026
3% minimum down payment on income-restricted, first-time-buyer-oriented conventional programmes.
- ConfirmedHomeowners Protection Act of 1998 (78%/80% LTV mechanics)as of 2026
Borrower may REQUEST cancellation at 80% of ORIGINAL value, current on payments (dossier A9).
Servicer must AUTOMATICALLY terminate PMI at 78% of original value, regardless of request, if current on payments (dossier A9).
- ConfirmedHUD Handbook 4000.1 baseline (dossier A8)as of 2026
3.5% at FICO >=580; 10% at FICO 500-579. DATA ONLY — no engine function reads the FHA programme yet.
- ConfirmedFHFA, "FHFA Announces Conforming Loan Limit Values for 2026" (news release, 2025-11-25)as of 2025-11-25
$832,750 baseline, 1-unit (dossier A7). Harris County is not separately named in this release; multiple secondary mortgage-industry sources report it at the baseline, not independently checked against FHFA's county-level data file.
- ConfirmedIRS, IR-2025-103 / Revenue Procedure 2025-32 (2026 tax-year inflation adjustments)as of 2025-10-09
Single/MFS $16,100, MFJ $32,200 (dossier A1).
2026 federal single-filer brackets (dossier A2), fetched directly off the IRS release with one transcription glitch corrected in the dossier (MFJ's 22% threshold is $100,800, confirmed by the $50,400 x 2 doubling pattern and an independent secondary source). The table itself — the single-filer brackets used here — is high; see the field's own top-level comment for why MFJ is not modelled.
- ConfirmedIRS Publication 936, Home Mortgage Interest Deduction (2025-return edition, live 2026-09-03)as of 2026-09-03 (Pub. 936 read live)
$750,000 acquisition-debt cap, made permanent by OBBBA rather than reverting to $1,000,000 (dossier A3). The $750,000 figure itself is high; the "OBBBA made it permanent" characterization is medium, resting on secondary tax-industry commentary rather than a reissued IRS publication.
- ConfirmedIRS Publication 523, Selling Your Home (2025-return edition, live 2026-09-03)as of 2026-09-03 (Pub. 523 read live)
$250,000 single / $500,000 MFJ, subject to a 24-of-last-60-months ownership and use test (dossier A6). Long-standing, not inflation-indexed, unaffected by OBBBA.
- ConfirmedFreddie Mac, Primary Mortgage Market Survey (PMMS), week of 2026-08-27as of 2026-08-27
Freddie Mac PMMS 30-year fixed, 6.66% (dossier A12), fetched directly off freddiemac.com/pmms. Applied to all four `rates` slots — see the field's own comment for why. The PMMS also carries a 15-year fixed figure (5.98%) that this dataset does not yet have a slot for; disclosed here rather than silently dropped.
Same PMMS 30-year figure as rates.insured — the US has no insured/uninsured rate spread; see that field's provenance note.
Not a real variable-rate product figure — ARMs are out of scope (ArmProfile is a type-only slot). Carried at the PMMS 30-year fixed figure so the field is not silently zero.
Same caveat as rates.variable.
- ConfirmedBLS, Consumer Price Index Summary, release 2026-08-12 (data through July 2026)as of 2026-08-12
BLS CPI-U, 12-month change to July 2026: +3.4% (dossier A13), fetched directly.
- ConfirmedNo published source
null is not a missing value: no federal minimum-qualifying-rate stress test exists on a US mortgage. Every engine reader qualifies at the bare contract rate when this is null.
- ConfirmedNo published source
30-year fixed is the standard US conforming term this dataset models. No maxAmortFtbInsured concept exists — see the Canada-only field's own comment.
- ProbableSecondary corroboration of conventional lending minimums (dossier A9), not independently fetched from Fannie Mae's own Selling Guideas of 2026
- ProbableSecondary synthesis of HUD Mortgagee Letter 2023-05 (FHA annual MIP bands), not independently fetched from a HUD PDF this passas of 2026
- ProbableHUD Mortgagee Letter 2025-23, "2026 Nationwide Forward Mortgage Loan Limits"as of 2025-12-11
The $541,287 NATIONAL FLOOR is confirmed high directly off the fetched ML 2025-23 PDF (dossier A8). That this floor is what applies to Harris County specifically is medium: the ML does not enumerate county-by-county limits, and the county-specific entp.hud.gov lookup was not queried this pass.
- ProbableRev. Proc. 2025-32, reached via secondary synthesis (dossier A4) — not independently fetched from irs.govas of 2026
$40,400 for most filers. The MAGI-based phase-down above $505,000 is NOT modelled by rentVsBuy() — the flat cap is applied unconditionally, which understates the benefit for a high earner above the phase-down threshold and is therefore the conservative direction for this product's "you probably get less than you think" message.
- ProbableOne Big Beautiful Bill Act §70108 (Public Law 119-21), restoring the PMI/MIP deduction for TY2026; IRS Publication 936, Home Mortgage Interest Deduction (2025-return edition, live 2026-09-03)as of 2026-09-03
Restored for tax year 2026 by OBBBA §70108 (dossier A5) — but the currently-published IRS Pub. 936 (2025-return edition, read directly 2026-09-03) still says the deduction "has expired", because IRS has not yet issued a 2026-year edition. The law is corroborated by industry sources, not yet reflected in a primary IRS document, hence medium rather than high.
- ProbableConventional "soft" DTI guideline (dossier A11)as of 2026
The conventional "soft" guideline, not a hard automated-underwriting cap: Fannie Mae's Desktop Underwriter accepts up to 45%, sometimes 50% with compensating factors, and FHA's own guideline is 31/43 (dossier A11). 28/36 is disclosed as the classic guideline this field's Canadian counterpart (gds/tds) already models — same shape, different label, per the design spec.
- ProbableLong-term capital gains rate brackets (0/15/20% by income) — secondary synthesisas of 2026
15% flat is the ASSUMPTION this field discloses: the true US long-term capital-gains rate is itself progressive by income (0% below roughly $48,350 single / $96,700 MFJ for 2026, 15% in the middle, 20% above roughly $533,400 single), so a flat 15% is a mid-bracket stand-in, not a published single rate. Chosen because most buyers modelled here sit in the 15% band; a later pass could make this income-dependent the way marginalRate() already is for ordinary income.
- AssumptionNo published source
Nobody publishes one true "typical" PMI rate: private mortgage insurers (MGIC, Radian, Arch, Essent, National MI) each run their own risk-based pricing grid by credit score and LTV, and the widely-cited range is roughly 0.3%-1.5%/year of the loan balance (dossier A10). 0.75% is the midpoint of that range, disclosed as a modelling default rather than a citation — the same category as the Canadian file's $150 heat allowance or $500 inspection fee.
- AssumptionNo published source
No regulator publishes a standard escrow cushion; two months of property tax and insurance is the commonly cited lender convention.
- AssumptionFHFA House Price Index Quarterly Report, 2026Q2 & June 2026 (2026-08-25)
The FHFA HPI's own 10-year compounded nominal growth rate, June 2016 to June 2026, is +6.93%/year — read directly off two published index points (dossier A13) and NOT used here. That decade includes the post-2020 pandemic price surge; presenting its trailing average as the long-run assumption for a 10-to-40-year projection model would be the same mistake the Canadian file's own appreciation note warns against ("a projection assumption is still an assumption"). 4.0% (CPI plus a ~60bp real-appreciation premium) is disclosed as a deliberately more conservative modelling choice than the sourced decade figure, in the same spirit as the Canadian record choosing FP Canada's forward-looking guideline over a trailing return. A later pass may want to reconcile this against FP Canada's own US-facing guidance, if one exists, rather than a house-picked premium.
- AssumptionNo published source
Zero appreciation, offered deliberately as the assumption-free case rather than as a forecast — mirrors the Canadian record.
- AssumptionNo published source
Set equal to appreciation.inflation (BLS CPI) rather than the Canadian record's deliberate 90bp premium — no US-specific evidence was gathered this pass on whether insurance/utility/condo-fee inflation runs ahead of headline CPI the way the Canadian note argues it does. A later pass should either source that gap for the US or explain why none exists.
- AssumptionNo published source
Carried over from the Canadian record's FP Canada short-term assumption — no US-specific forward-looking guideline was sourced this pass.
- AssumptionNo published source
Same caveat as investReturn.cash.
- AssumptionNo published source
Same caveat as investReturn.cash — no US high-yield-savings or T-bill benchmark was sourced this pass.
- AssumptionNo published source
1 (the full monthly HOA/condo fee), not CMHC's 50% convention: Fannie Mae's and FHA's DTI guidance generally counts the FULL HOA assessment, not half of it — this is a modelling default matching that general practice, not read off a specific underwriting manual this pass.
- AssumptionNo published source
DEPRECATED, unread by any engine function — see the field's own comment on CountryRulesBase. `gains` below is what waterfall() actually reads.
- AssumptionNo published source
5.5%, an assumption in the same category as the Canadian record's 5% — no regulator publishes a standard US real-estate commission (commissions are negotiable, and the 2024 NAR settlement changed buyer-agent-commission practice without setting a new standard rate). The midpoint of the commonly cited 5-6% post-settlement range.
- AssumptionNo published source
1%-of-value-per-year, the same widely repeated rule of thumb the Canadian record uses — not a published US standard either.
0 of 0 figures traced to a published source
What the province and the city charge to move the title and register the mortgage, plus any tax on the insurance premium.
- AssumptionNo published source
Not a figure — organisation names only, for /sources attribution.
0 of 0 figures traced to a published source
Refunds and credits that reduce the bill — some at closing, some only when you file.
No source recorded for this jurisdiction yet.
3 of 3 figures traced to a published source
A published rate applies to an assessment, which is not always the sale price. Where the two differ, the rate you see is derived, and the derivation is named here.
- Confirmedhctax.net, Jurisdiction Tax Rates (Harris County's four-entity rate page); City of Houston, "Notice of Meeting to Vote on Tax Rate" (TY25, houstontx.gov); Houston ISD, tax-information page (houstonisd.org), adopted 2025-10-15; Houston Community College, truth-in-taxation page (hccs.edu), certified 2025-09-16as of 2025 tax year (adopted fall 2025)
Combined nominal rate 2.120422 per $100, each component fetched directly off its own taxing entity's page (dossier C3): Harris County four-entity 0.624130 (general 0.380960 + flood control 0.049660 + hospital district 0.187610 + port 0.005900), City of Houston 0.519190, HISD 0.878300, HCC 0.098802.
Same as propTax.effective — Texas taxes at market value with no assessment ratio distinct from 1, so the two fields hold the same number.
- ConfirmedBallotpedia (Texas Proposition 13, 2025) and Lt. Gov. Dan Patrick's office statement on S.B. 4 / S.J.R. 2 — school-district homestead exemption raised to $140,000, ratified 2025-11-04, retroactive to TY2025as of 2025-11-04 (Prop 13 certified, retroactive to TY2025)
$140,000 general homestead exemption against the HISD portion only — see the field's own note above for what is and is not modelled. The 10% homestead appraisal cap on YEAR-OVER-YEAR growth (Tax Code s.23.23, unchanged by the 2025 amendment) is NOT modelled: for a fresh purchase the appraised value in year one is the purchase price itself, so the cap does not bind until a later reassessment year, which this single-year figure does not project.
4 of 4 figures traced to a published source
Benchmark prices, rents and year-over-year change. Publishers differ on the metric — benchmark, median or average — and each entry says which one it is.
- ConfirmedHouston Association of REALTORS (HAR), "Houston Buyers Gain More Choices as Inventory Hits Record High" (July 2026 Housing Market Update, published 2026-08-31)as of 2026-07
HAR single-family median, $340,000, +0.6% YoY (dossier C1 addendum). Read via a proxy that extracts page text — har.com blocks direct automated fetches (PerimeterX 403) — corroborated by The Real Deal, 2026-08-13 (median $340,000, average "$441,000").
HAR townhome/condo median, $211,000, -3.7% YoY (dossier C1 addendum). Same access method as bench.house.
HAR single-family +0.6% YoY (dossier C1 addendum).
- ConfirmedHUD, FY2026 Fair Market Rents, Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land, TX HUD Metro FMR Areaas of 2025-10-01
HUD FY2026 Fair Market Rent, 2-bedroom, METRO-WIDE for the Houston-The Woodlands-Sugar Land HMFA: $1,573 (1BR is $1,323 — a different bedroom count, not this field). An FMR is the 40th percentile of gross rent across ALL dwelling types surveyed in the area, not an apartment-only average — a genuinely different statistic from the CMHC apartment average this dataset otherwise carries, hence the separate `fmr2br` RentBasis value rather than reusing `apartment2br`. First read this pass as ZIP-only (Small Area FMR); a second pass found HUD does also publish this metro-wide figure directly on its own FMR Documentation System page (dossier C2 addendum) once fetched with a browser-like Referer.
- AssumptionNo published source
Not a figure — organisation names only, for /sources attribution.
2 of 9 figures traced to a published source
Lawyers, inspectors, movers and insurers price per transaction, and no authority publishes a schedule. Every figure here is a default we chose.
- ProbableHarris County Clerk real-property recording fee schedule, via deeds.com secondary aggregationas of 2026
$25 first page + $4 each additional page, Harris County Clerk. Read via a secondary aggregation of the county's fee schedule; a direct fetch of the Clerk's own page returned an internally inconsistent extraction ($5 vs $25) and should be re-verified before this ships above medium. $35 models a typical 3-4 page deed.
- ProbableTexas Department of Insurance, Texas Homeowners Insurance Market Overviewas of 2025 (preliminary)
$3,506/year statewide average (dossier B5), fetched directly off TDI's own market-overview page, which does not specify which policy form the figure blends. Not Harris-County-specific — hurricane/flood/hail exposure plausibly runs above the state average, but no county-specific TDI figure was located.
- AssumptionNo published source
The title company's settlement/closing fee, the direct Texas analogue of a lawyer's conveyancing fee elsewhere in this dataset — priced within the dossier's $250-800 escrow/settlement fee range (dossier B6), no publisher.
$100 is a MODELLING DEFAULT for the simultaneous-issue lender's policy, not a TDI-published figure — the dossier's own B6 row grades "who customarily pays it" at medium and prints no dollar amount for the rate itself; only the OWNER'S full-value policy schedule (TX_TITLE_INSURANCE_BRACKETS, exported separately) is TDI-promulgated and high-confidence. Texas/Harris County custom has the seller pay the owner's policy and the buyer pay only this flat lender's-policy add-on (dossier B3/B6); the amount is disclosed as an estimate pending a primary-source read of TDI's rate manual (the simultaneous-issue rule is commonly cited as a low flat fee, often near $100, but this figure has not been independently verified against the manual's printed rule).
- AssumptionNo published source
Home inspection is priced by the inspector and is unregulated in most provinces; no authority publishes a rate. Regional modelling default.
- AssumptionNo published source
Appraisal fees are set by the appraiser or the lender's panel; no schedule is published. Regional modelling default.
- AssumptionNo published source
No Texas-specific survey-fee figure was located this pass, even at assumption grade (dossier B6: "no primary or reputable-secondary figure was captured with a citation strong enough to record here"). $500 is a modelling default in the same category as every other unpublished closing fee in this dataset — the calculator cannot run without SOME figure here — not a citation.
- AssumptionNo published source
Movers price by distance, volume and season; no authority publishes a rate. Regional modelling default.
- AssumptionNo published source
Utility connection and account-opening charges are set by each supplier; no single publisher covers them. Regional modelling default.
Every figure that carries a sourcing record names where it came from: a dated published source, an estimate we disclose, or nothing at all where nothing is published.
Rules last verified 2026-09-03
The notes are the verification record, kept in English in the words of whoever checked the figure.